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Midway Gardens
Midway Gardens (opened in 1914, demolished in 1929) was a 300’ square indoor/outdoor entertainment facility in the Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. It was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who also collaborated with sculptors Richard Bock and Alfonso Iannelli on the famous “sprite” sculptures decorating the facility. Designed to be a European–style concert garden with space for year-round dining, drinking, and performances, Midway Gardens hosted notable performers and entertainers but struggled financially and the structure was torn down in October 1929.
==History==
Midway Gardens was opened on the site of the former Sans Souci amusement park on the southwest corner of Cottage Grove Avenue and East 60th Street. Edward C. Waller commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to design and build the Gardens in 1914. Construction was completed very quickly,〔Cashman, Sean Dennis (1988). (''America in the Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I'' ), pp. 367-68. New York University Press.〕 and the Gardens opened in June, 1914.〔Sengstock, Charles A. (2004). (''That Toddlin' Town: Chicago's White Dance Bands and Orchestras, 1900-1950'' ), pp. 56-58. University of Illinois Press.〕
Although initially business was strong, Waller never had adequate funds to back the construction and upkeep of Midway Gardens and declared bankruptcy in March 1916.〔Sebesta, Judith A. "Spectacular Failure: Frank Lloyd Wright's Midway Gardens and Chicago Entertainment." ''Theatre Journal'', Vol. 53, No. 2, May 2001, pp. 304–07.〕 At this point, Midway Gardens was purchased by the Edelweiss (Schoenhofen) Brewery Company and renamed “Edelweiss Gardens”. Wright, who generally exerted strong creative control over his completed projects, was disgusted by the aesthetic changes the new owner made to the Gardens, writing that Edelweiss had added "obnoxious features" and that the whole effect of "the proud Midway Gardens" "was cheapened to suit a hearty bourgeois taste".〔Wright, Frank Lloyd (1943) (2005 ed.) (''An Autobiography'' ), p. 191. Pomegranate Communications, Inc.〕 Edelweiss Gardens continued through the war years (closing briefly in 1918) and stayed open as a dry establishment during Prohibition.〔 In 1921, the building was sold once more, to the E. C. Dietrich Midway Automobile Tire and Supply Company, and renamed “The Midway Dancing Gardens”.〔http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact%20Pages/PhRtS180.htm〕
Finally, in October 1929, Midway Gardens was closed permanently and demolished. A testament to Wright's design, the building was so solidly constructed that tearing it down sent the wrecking company into bankruptcy.〔Gill, ''Many Masks: A Life of Frank Lloyd Wright'', p. 228.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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